Dengue Fever: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Prevention

Dengue fever has always been an attention-grabbing matter. There is a famous proverb which says that "If you believe that you are too small to have an impact, you haven't spent the night with mosquitoes." Therefore, having an understanding of dengue is crucial for safeguarding our well-being. In this blog, we will be exploring dengue and its various aspects such as symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and the measures we can take to protect ourselves from this tiny but mighty rival.

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What is Dengue Fever?

Dengue fever, a viral disease of significant concern, spreads through the bites of infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegypti. It presents a substantial threat to public health, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The dengue virus encompasses four distinct serotypes and belongs to the Flaviviridae family. Upon being bitten by an infected mosquito, the virus enters the bloodstream, causing a number of symptoms.

How is Dengue transmitted?

Transmission through the Mosquito bite

• Dengue fever is primarily transmitted via the bites of female mosquitoes that carry the dengue virus, predominantly the Aedes aegypti mosquito.
• The virus enters the mosquito's body and multiplies in its midgut before spreading to other tissues, including the salivary glands.
• This process called the extrinsic incubation period (EIP), takes about 8–12 days for the virus to become transmissible.
• Factors like temperature, virus type, and initial viral concentration can affect the length of the extrinsic incubation period.
• Once the mosquito becomes infectious, it can transmit the virus for its entire life.

Transmission from Humans to Mosquitoes

• Mosquitoes can become infected by biting people who have the dengue virus in their bloodstream.
• Transmission can occur up to 2 days before a person develops symptoms and up to 2 days after the fever subsides.
• People with high levels of virus in their blood and high fever have a higher risk of infecting mosquitoes.
• Individuals with DENV-specific antibodies have a lower risk of transmitting the virus to mosquitoes.
• Most people remain viremic for around 4–5 days, but it can last up to 12 days.

Maternal Transmission

• While rare, there is evidence of maternal transmission from a pregnant mother to her baby.
• Rates of vertical transmission (from mother to child) appear to be low.
• The timing of the dengue infection during pregnancy can affect the risk of transmission.
• Maternal dengue infection during pregnancy can lead to complications for the baby, such as pre-term birth, low birth weight, and fetal distress.

Other Modes of Transmission

• Dengue can be transmitted through blood products, organ donations, and transfusions, although these cases are rare.
• Infected mosquitoes can also transmit the virus to their offspring through transovarial transmission.

Symptoms of Dengue Fever:

• Sudden, high fever (40°C/104°F)
• Severe headache
• Severe joint and muscle pain
• Pain behind the eyes
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Rash
• Fatigue

In most cases, individuals with strong immune systems recover from dengue fever within a week to 10 days. However, the symptoms can worsen and become life-threatening for those with weak immune systems. This progression may lead to severe dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever, or dengue shock syndrome.

• After the fever goes down, typically one to two days later, additional symptoms may emerge, which can include:
• Bleeding from the gums or nose
• Presence of blood in the urine, stools, or vomit
• Bleeding under the skin which may appear as bruises
• Severe abdominal pain
• Persistent vomiting
• Dehydration
• Lethargy or confusion
• Cold or clammy extremities
• Rapid weight loss
• Restlessness
• Fatigue

How is Dengue diagnosed?
Doctors can diagnose dengue infection with a range of diagnostic tests. Here are the diagnostic procedures used for detecting dengue fever:

• Dengue NS1 Antigen Test: This test scans for the NS1 component of the dengue virus. This test is very useful during the first week of symptoms.

Antibody Tests for Dengue:

• IgM Antibody Test: This examination looks for certain antibodies (infection-fighting molecules) that the body makes when it has dengue fever. Usually positive three to five days after symptoms appear, it can remain so for a few weeks.
• IgG Antibody Test: This test searches for distinct antibodies that emerge later in the illness and can persist for months to years.
• RT-PCR Test: The RT-PCR test, which stands for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, is a fancy test for identifying the genetic material (RNA) of the dengue virus. It is done during the early phase of the sickness when it is most effective.

Remember, it's important to see a doctor if you suspect dengue fever or have symptoms that match. They can give you the right diagnosis and provide the right advice for your situation. To get the best advice from the best doctors in Noida, contact Felix Hospital at +91 9667064100

How is Dengue Treated?

Treating dengue fever involves a range of options to help patients feel better and recover: Here is an overview:

• Hydration: Staying hydrated is crucial when dealing with dengue fever. It's important to drink plenty of fluids such as water, coconut water, and drinks that contain electrolytes. This help replenishes the body's lost fluids, supporting your fight against the virus and aiding in your recovery.
• Rest: Give your body the time it needs to repair by getting plenty of rest. Taking it easy and allowing yourself to rest helps your body focus on fighting the dengue virus and regain strength.
• Pain Relief Medications: Dengue fever can cause high fevers and discomfort. Over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen (paracetamol) can reduce fever and alleviate pain or discomfort. Avoid aspirin or ibuprofen, as they can increase the risk of bleeding.
• Platelet Transfusion (in severe cases): Severe dengue cases may experience a significant drop in platelet count. Platelet transfusion can be necessary to replenish platelet levels, supporting the body in clotting and preventing excessive bleeding.
• Supportive Care: Dengue fever may cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Maintaining proper fluid balance and electrolyte levels is important. Healthcare providers may offer intravenous (IV) fluids or oral rehydration solutions to keep you hydrated and maintain the body's balance.

By considering these treatment options and following preventive measures, you can increase your chances of recovering from dengue fever and minimizing its impact on your health. Always seek guidance from healthcare professionals for proper diagnosis, personalized care, and expert advice. Call +91 9667064100 to discuss your health concern with the best doctors at Felix Hospital.

Risk factors for Dengue Fever:

Everyone is susceptible to dengue fever, but there are some things that can make it more likely. Some major risk factors for dengue fever are listed below:

• Location: Travelling to or living in areas where dengue-carrying mosquitoes are common can increase the risk. So it's crucial to take extra steps to avoid mosquito bites if you find yourself in tropical or subtropical climates because these mosquitoes thrive there.
• Exposure to Mosquitoes: Spending time in places with a high mosquito population increases your risk of getting bitten by a mosquito that is carrying the dengue virus. The early morning and late afternoon are when mosquitoes are most active, so taking precautions then can reduce your risk.
• Lack of Mosquito Control: Inadequate measures to control mosquitoes in your surroundings can escalate the risk of mosquito breeding and the spread of dengue. Stagnant water, such as in uncovered containers or discarded items, provides ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes. Ensuring proper sanitation and eliminating stagnant water can assist in minimizing the risk.
• Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those with certain medical conditions or undergoing treatments like chemotherapy, may be more susceptible to dengue fever. Their bodies may struggle to combat the virus, rendering them more vulnerable to severe forms of the disease.
• Previous Dengue Infection: If you have previously experienced dengue fever, you have an elevated risk of developing severe dengue if you become infected again. There are four strains of the dengue virus, and subsequent infection with a different strain can heighten the risk of severe symptoms.
• Age: Although dengue fever can affect individuals of all age groups, infants, young children, and the elderly are more prone to experiencing severe forms of the disease. Their immune systems may not be as resilient, making it more challenging for their bodies to combat the virus.

Understanding these risk factors can empower you to adopt appropriate precautions, safeguard yourself, and reduce the likelihood of contracting dengue fever. It is essential to stay informed, implement preventive measures diligently, and prioritize your well-being.

Prevention of Dengue Fever:

• Mosquito Control: Remove stagnant water and potential breeding sites around your home. Use mosquito nets and screens on windows and doors.
• Protective Clothing: Wear long sleeves, pants, and socks when outdoors. Light-colored clothing can also help repel mosquitoes.
• Insect Repellent: Apply mosquito repellent with DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus on exposed skin and clothing.
• Avoid Peak Activity: Limit outdoor activities during the early morning and late afternoon when mosquitoes are most active.
• Clean Surroundings: Keep your living area clean and dispose of garbage properly. Trim bushes and shrubs to reduce mosquito resting areas.
• Community Efforts: Engage in community initiatives to control mosquitoes, such as clean-up campaigns and advocating for better sanitation practices.
• Stay Informed:  Ensure you are up-to-date with the latest notifications regarding dengue fever in your local area, and adhere to the guidance provided by healthcare authorities. It is advisable to consult a medical professional if you encounter any symptoms related to the disease.

By following these simple preventive measures, you can help protect yourself and your community from dengue fever. Prevention is key in keeping mosquitoes at bay and reducing the risk of this mosquito-borne disease.

Conclusion

Having the right knowledge and taking preventive measures are key in the fight against dengue fever. By understanding the risk factors, recognizing the symptoms, and implementing preventive strategies, we can protect ourselves from this fatal illness. When it comes to seeking professional guidance and consultation, Felix Hospital is a trusted and reliable choice. Our team of experienced doctors and advanced medical facilities are fully equipped to provide comprehensive healthcare services for dengue fever and other medical conditions. Don't hesitate to schedule a consultation with Felix Hospital to receive personalized and expert care. To book a doctor consultation, call right now at +91 9667064100.

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