Prostate Cancer: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland, a small, walnut-sized organ in men that produces seminal fluid essential for nourishing and transporting sperm. While many cases of prostate cancer progress slowly and remain confined to the prostate without causing major issues, some can spread rapidly to other parts of the body and become life-threatening. Early detection and treatment can lead to successful outcomes if the cancer is localized.

There are various cancer hospital in Noida, comprising a dedicated Uro-Oncology Unit specializing in treating urologic cancers, including those of the prostate, bladder, and testicles. These facilities offer advanced diagnostic and treatment options, ensuring comprehensive care tailored to individual patient needs.

For personalized prostate cancer care, call +91 9667064100 or click here to learn more about the advanced treatment options.

How Do I Know If I Have Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer often develops slowly and may not present noticeable symptoms in its early stages. It primarily affects the prostate gland, which is part of the male reproductive system responsible for producing a component of semen. As the disease progresses, it can impact various bodily functions and lead to symptoms that are worth noting.

Symptoms of Prostate Cancer:

• Frequent Urination: Increased need to urinate, especially at night, can be an early indication of prostate issues.
• Difficulty Urinating: Problems with starting or stopping urination, or experiencing a weak or interrupted urine stream, may signal a problem with the prostate.
• Painful Urination or Ejaculation: Experiencing pain or discomfort during urination or ejaculation could be a sign of prostate problems.
• Blood in Urine or Semen: Presence of blood in your urine or semen might indicate more advanced prostate cancer.
• Persistent Pain: Ongoing pain in the lower back, hips, or pelvis that doesn't resolve could be related to prostate cancer.

If you have symptoms or concerns about your prostate health, it’s important to seek advice from a healthcare provider. There are numerous leading oncologists in Noida who can help you with the necessary tests and offer a diagnosis to determine the best treatment options for your condition.

Types of Prostate Cancer

Nearly all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas. These cancers start in the gland cells of the prostate, which produce the fluid that is part of semen.

Other, rarer types of prostate cancer include:

• Small Cell Carcinoma (Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma)
• Other Neuroendocrine Tumors (such as Large Cell Carcinoma)
• Transitional Cell Carcinoma
• Sarcomas

If you're diagnosed with prostate cancer, it is most likely to be an adenocarcinoma. While some prostate cancers can grow and spread quickly, most grow slowly. 
 

Stages of Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is classified into different stages based on two main factors: the Gleason score and PSA levels. The Gleason score looks at how the cancer cells are arranged and how aggressive they are, while PSA levels measure the amount of a specific substance in the blood that can indicate cancer activity. Prostate cancer are is classified into the following stages:

Stage I: Cancer is confined to the prostate with a PSA level under 10 and Grade Group 1.

Stage II: Cancer is still localized to the prostate but is more advanced, subdivided into:

• IIA: Cancer is in less than half of one side of the prostate; PSA is 10-20, Grade Group 1.
• IIB: Cancer affects more than half of one side or both sides; PSA is under 20, Grade Group 2.
• IIC: Cancer is in one or both sides with PSA under 20, Grade Group 3 or 4.

Stage III: Cancer has spread beyond the prostate, with sub-stages:

• IIIA: Cancer may involve one or both sides of the prostate, with PSA at least 20, Grade Group 1-4.
• IIIB: Cancer has spread to seminal vesicles or nearby areas; PSA and Grade Group vary.
• IIIC: Cancer involves both sides of the prostate and nearby structures; PSA and Grade Group vary, with Grade Group 5.

Stage IV: Cancer has spread to distant parts, divided into:

• IVA: Cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes; PSA and Grade Group vary.
• IVB: Cancer has spread to distant lymph nodes or other body parts.
   

Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer

Several factors can heighten the risk of developing prostate cancer. Understanding these risk factors can be crucial in taking proactive steps toward health management:

• Age: The likelihood of prostate cancer increases as men get older, particularly after the age of 50.
• Family History: A history of prostate cancer in the family or genetic mutations such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 can significantly raise risk.
• Obesity: Individuals who are obese may experience more aggressive forms of cancer and a higher chance of recurrence.
• Hereditary Conditions: Genetic syndromes like hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) or Lynch Syndrome can also contribute to a higher risk of prostate cancer.

Diagnostic Procedures

Diagnostic procedures for prostate cancer encompass several key tests:

• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): This involves a physical examination where a healthcare provider feels the prostate gland through the rectum to detect any abnormalities.
• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This blood test measures the levels of PSA, a protein produced by the prostate, to identify potential issues that could indicate the presence of cancer.
• Additional Diagnostic Tools: To further evaluate and confirm the presence of cancer, doctors may use imaging techniques such as ultrasound and MRI, along with a biopsy to obtain tissue samples for analysis.

Once prostate cancer is confirmed, the Gleason score is used to assess the aggressiveness of the cancer. To determine the extent of the disease and whether it has spread, further staging tests such as bone scans, CT scans, and PET scans are employed. These comprehensive assessments help in planning the most effective treatment approach.

Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer

Treatment options for prostate cancer are tailored based on the cancer stage, extent, and patient history. Options include:

• Surgery: Radical prostatectomy to remove the prostate gland and possibly surrounding tissues and lymph nodes.
• Radiation Therapy: External Beam Radiation or Brachytherapy to destroy cancer cells and relieve symptoms.
• Cryoablation or HIFU: Freezing or heating prostate tissue to eliminate cancer cells.
• Hormone Therapy: Blocking testosterone production to slow cancer growth, using medications or surgery (orchiectomy).
• Chemotherapy: Using drugs to target cancer cells, especially useful for metastatic cases.
• Immunotherapy: Enhancing the immune system to target and destroy cancer cells.
• Targeted Drug Therapy: Drugs aimed at specific cancer cell abnormalities.
   

Meet The Specialists

Dr. Bhanwar Lal Barkesiya

Dr. Bhanwar Lal Barkesiya, a highly skilled Urologist with over 9 years of experience, specializes in prostate cancer treatment. His expertise includes advanced procedures such as Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy (using the Da Vinci Xi system) and Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP). Dr. Barkesiya has performed numerous complex prostate surgeries and is adept at managing both routine and emergency urological cases, reflecting his commitment to exceptional patient care.

Dr. Sachin Khandelwal

Dr. Sachin Khandelwal, a Urologist with over 12 years of experience, specializes in the management of bladder issues, urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder and kidney cancer, kidney blockage, and kidney stones. His expertise includes Renal Transplantation (both cadaveric and live-related), Endourology, and both Laparoscopic and Open Surgery.

Conclusion

Understanding prostate cancer is crucial for both prevention and effective management. From recognizing the importance of regular screenings and understanding risk factors to exploring the latest treatment options, knowledge empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their health. Remember, early detection is key, and staying informed can lead to better outcomes. Whether you’re seeking information for yourself or supporting a loved one, consulting an oncologist in Noida can provide expert guidance.

Got questions or need expert advice? Reach out today at +91 9667064100 for a personalized consultation!

Frequently Asked Questions

1.) What is the main cause of prostate cancer?
The exact cause of prostate cancer is unknown, but risk factors include age, family history, and certain genetic mutations. Lifestyle factors like diet and obesity may also play a role.

2.) How serious is prostate cancer?
Prostate cancer can vary in seriousness. It ranges from slow-growing and manageable to aggressive forms that can spread rapidly. The seriousness depends on the cancer's stage, grade, and overall health of the patient.

3.) Is prostate cancer curable at stage 4?
At stage 4, prostate cancer has typically spread beyond the prostate to other parts of the body. While it is not usually curable, treatment can manage symptoms and prolong life, potentially achieving remission in some cases.

4.) Can prostate cancer spread to other body parts?
Yes, prostate cancer can spread to other parts of the body, including bones, lymph nodes, and other organs. This process is known as metastasis and often occurs in advanced stages of the disease.

5.) How do you prevent prostate cancer?
Preventing prostate cancer involves maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking. Regular screenings can also help detect issues early.

6.) What are the best foods for a healthy prostate gland?
Foods beneficial for prostate health include tomatoes (rich in lycopene), fatty fish (omega-3 fatty acids), broccoli, and green tea. A diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is also recommended.

7.) What is the survival rate of people suffering from prostate cancer?
The survival rate for prostate cancer varies by stage and other factors. The 5-year survival rate for localized prostate cancer is nearly 100%, while for advanced stages, it is lower but improving with new treatments.